Behavior of non-classical soluble HLA class G antigens in human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected patients before and after HAART: Comparison with classical soluble HLA-A, -B, -C antigens and potential role in immune-reconstitution

We have reported that serum level of soluble HLA-A, -B, -C (sHLA-A,-B,-C) antigens is elevated in HIV-infected subjects and decreases after antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In this study, we measured the levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) antigens in a cohort of HIV-infected patients before and during HAART. sHLA-G and sHLA-A, -B, -C levels were significantly elevated in HIV-infected subjects as compared with controls before antiretroviral treatment and significantly decreased after 36 months of HAART. sHLA-G levels were correlated with sHLA-A, -B, -C levels, the decrease of plasma HIV-RNA level, the increase of CD4+ T-lymphocyte number and the decrease of CD8+ T-lymphocyte number. These results suggest that the measurement of sHLA-G and sHLA-A, -B, -C antigen serum levels might represent a useful surrogate marker to monitor virological response and immune reconstitution in HIV-positive subjects undergoing HAART treatment.     

安氏Ⅲ类开《牙合》畸形的正畸治疗及其机械性原理初探

目的 探讨青春前期骨性Ⅲ类开<牙合>畸形患者的正畸治疗的机械性原理.方法 8例替牙期骨性Ⅲ类开<牙合>畸形患者,年龄7～9岁,平均(7.9±0.8)岁.患者均为手术适应证但拒绝手术治疗.所有患者接受面罩前牵引、磨牙<牙合>垫、快速扩弓和固定矫治,结束后随访2年.矫治前后头颅侧位片进行头影测量分析比较.结果 患者获得咬合、功能和面容的全面改善,结果 稳定.与矫治前相比,上颌骨逆时针旋转(5.3±1.7)°(P<0.01),长度增加并前移;下颌骨体顺时针旋转(2.6±0.5)°(P<0.01),升支长度增加;下切牙舌倾(5.7±0.4)°(P<0.01),而面部生长方向维持不变.结论 利用牙颌面矫形治疗的机械原理,可以引导生长发育期的骨性Ⅲ类开<牙合>畸形患者的生长,获得稳定和美观的治疗效果.     

High frequency of large genomic deletions in the PCCA gene causing propionic acidemia

Mutations in either the PCCA or PCCB genes are responsible for propionic acidemia (PA), one of the most frequent organic acidemias inherited in autosomal recessive fashion. Most of the mutations detected to date in both genes are missense. In the case of PCCA deficient patients, a high number of alleles remain uncharacterized, some of them suspected to carry an exonic deletion. We have now employed multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) and long-PCR in some cases to screen for genomic rearrangements in the PCCA gene in 20 patients in whom standard mutation detection techniques had failed to complete genotype analysis. Eight different deletions were found, corresponding to a frequency of 21.3% of the total PCCA alleles genotyped at our center. Two of the exonic deletions were frequent, one involving exons 3–4 and another exon 23 although in the first case two different chromosomal breakpoints were identified. Absence of exons 3 and 4 which is also the consequence of the novel splicing mutation c.231 + 1g > c present in two patients, presumably results in an in-frame deletion covering 39 aminoacids, which was expressed in a eukaryotic system confirming its pathogenicity. This work describes for the first time the high frequency of large genomic deletions in the PCCA gene, which could be due to the characteristics of the PCCA gene structure and its abundance in intronic repetitive elements. Our data underscore the need of using gene dosage analysis to complement routine genetic analysis in PCCA patients.     

Database Analysis of Simulated and Recorded Electrophysiological Datasets with PANDORA’s Toolbox

Neuronal recordings and computer simulations produce ever growing amounts of data, impeding conventional analysis methods from keeping pace. Such large datasets can be automatically analyzed by taking advantage of the well-established relational database paradigm. Raw electrophysiology data can be entered into a database by extracting its interesting characteristics (e.g., firing rate). Compared to storing the raw data directly, this database representation is several orders of magnitude higher efficient in storage space and processing time. Using two large electrophysiology recording and simulation datasets, we demonstrate that the database can be queried, transformed and analyzed. This process is relatively simple and easy to learn because it takes place entirely in Matlab, using our database analysis toolbox, PANDORA. It is capable of acquiring data from common recording and simulation platforms and exchanging data with external database engines and other analysis toolboxes, which make analysis simpler and highly interoperable. PANDORA is available to be freely used and modified because it is open-source (). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

临床带教老师对护理专业硕士学位研究生教学感受的质性研究

目的了解临床带教老师对护理专业硕士学位研究生进行临床实践教学的感受及体会,为进一步提升护理专业硕士生临床实践教学质量提供参考。方法 2013年3月对重庆市2所高校的10名临床带教老师进行了团体访谈,对获得的资料进行整理、分析及萃取,提炼出主题。结果临床带教老师的教学感受及体会主要为:临床教学信心不足;教学目标不明确;带教方式主要沿袭以往的教学经验;对学生临床出科考核力度不够;对今后临床教学有新的期望。结论目前的护理专业硕士生临床实践教学需从制定切实可行的临床教学目标、探寻适用于护理专业硕士学位的临床实践教学大纲和方法、建立健全临床实践考核机制、加强临床师资的培养等方面不断完善及规范。     

《基础护理学》实验教学方法的改革与思考

目的改革《基础护理学》实验教学方法,并了解其教学效果。方法选取平顶山学院医学院2010级、2011级专科护理学生共计290人为研究对象,其中2010级156人为对照组,2011级134人为实验组,对照组采用传统的《基础护理学》实验教学方法,实验组采用集体备课、师生共同准备用物和示教、案例教学、情境模拟、角色扮演、反馈讨论、播放视频及抽查回示等多种实验教学方法。学期结束时,比较两组学生的技能考核成绩、理论考核成绩及学生对实验方法提高自身能力的评价。结果除了测量生命体征这一项目外,实验组学生的技能考核各项目的成绩均高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01);实验组学生的理论考核成绩为(78.61±2.73)分,对照组为(74.58±3.49)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.59,P0.01);除学习兴趣、关爱能力和同学情感3项外,实验组学生对实验教学方法提高自身能力的评价均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论综合应用多种教学方法开展《基础护理学》实验教学,有利于提高教学效果,为培养高素质应用性的护理人才提供了参考。     

超声影像学网络教学探讨

从超声影像学网络教学模式探讨出发,概述目前国内超声影像学学科特点和传统教学以及网络教学现状,分析现有教学模式存在的薄弱环节和制约因素,提出网络教学模式的改革措施及努力方向,以期提高资源利用率,提升超声影像学的教学质量。     

某校531名本科护生评判性思维能力调查分析

目的评估本科护生评判性思维能力现状及分析其影响因素,为探索促进本科护生评判性思维能力提高与发展的方法提供依据。方法采用中文版评判性思维能力测量表和自行设计的一般情况调查表,调查一至三年级537名全日制本科护生。结果本科护生具有正性评判性思维能力(283.74±28.41)分,评判性思维能力较强的本科护生所占比例仅为1.51%。7个特质中,求知欲得分最高为(43.85±6.26)分,寻求真相得分最低为(35.76±5.97)分。多重回归分析结果显示:教师运用PBL的频率越低,本科护生关注外界新闻事件的频率越低、参加勤工助学的次数越少,护生评判性思维能力得分越低;本科护生参加学校活动的频率越高、与父母沟通的频率越高、年级越低以及参加见习的次数越多,其评判性思维能力得分越高。结论本科护生具有正性评判性思维能力,但评判性思维能力较强的本科护生所占比例非常低。本科护生评判性思维能力受年级、见习、关注外界新闻事件、教师运用PBL、与父母沟通、参加学校活动和勤工助学的影响。     

循证护理结合情景教学法在心内科护生见习教学中的应用

目的探讨提高护理见习生在心内科见习期间教学效果的方法,培养学生循证护理能力。方法 2013年,对76名护理见习生在心内科见习期间,开展循证护理结合情景教学法进行教学,见习期前后采用自行设计的问卷调查学生循证护理知识水平和学习效果。结果开展循证护理结合情景教学法后,学生的循证护理知识自评得分从(7.52±3.85)分提高到(15.59±3.15)分,差异有统计学意义(t=13.02,P0.01),学生对见习模式满意度与2012年同期相比明显提高,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.342,P=0.01)。结论在心内科护理实习生见习教学中应用循证护理结合情景教学法,利于学生抓住学习重点,调动学习主动性,提高护患沟通能力和循证护理意识,为下一步临床实习打好基础。     

护理临床教学质量评价体系的构建

[目的]初步构建临床护理教学质量的评价体系。[方法]采用文献回顾、深度访谈法形成护生对临床教学质量评价的雏形,选取全省18名护理专家进行德尔菲(Delphi)专家咨询。采用SPSS17.0进行数据处理,应用Yaahp 0.5.2软件进行层次分析确定指标的权重,采用Cronbach’sα测量指标信度。[结果]Delphi专家咨询结果:专家权威系数0.894,变异系数0.028,Kendall W协调系数0.222(P0.01),分层分析法(AHP)结果显示量表中一级指标权重系数为0.294 9,0.265 2,0.212 1及0.227 8,总量表的内部一致性系数Cronbach’sα为0.910。[结论]构建了包含4个一级指标及25个二级指标的临床护理教学质量评价量表,量化了临床护理教学的评价指标,完善了临床教学质量的评价体系。